Articles दो प्रकार के होते हैं, Indefinite तथा Definite. Sentence मे इनका प्रयोग Countable Noun के लिए किया जाता है। इनका प्रयोग ‘one’ का भाव प्रकट करने के लिए होता है, तथा ये किसी Noun, Adjective या Adverb के पहले लगाए जाते हैं।

    Indefinite Article

    ‘A’ तथा ‘an’ को Indefinite Article कहते हैं। इनका प्रयोग Singular Countable Noun के लिए होता है।

     

    Definite Article

    The’ को Definite Article कहते है। इसका प्रयोग किसी Noun के लिए, यह इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है कि वक्ता या लेखक किसी विशिष्ट व्यक्ति, स्थान, चीज़ या अवधारणा का जिक्र कर रहा है।

    Articles | Articles in English

    Use of Indefinite Article ‘A’

    1. इसका प्रयोग किसी व्यंजन (Consonant Sound) से उच्चारित होने वाले शब्द से पहले करते हैं।

    जैसे-

    • A dog was barking at a stranger.
    • A brave boy caught the thief. 
    • It was a nice scene.

    2. कुछ शब्द Vowel से शुरू होते हैं परंतु उनका उच्चारण (Pronunciation) व्यंजन (Consonant Sound) से होता है ऐसे शब्दों से पहले भी Indefinite Article ‘A’ का प्रयोग करते हैं

    जैसे-

    ·         It is a university.
    ·         He is a European artist.
    ·         A union meeting is going on.
    ·         This is a one rupee note.
    ·         She is a one eyed girl.
     

    3. Proper Noun के लिए Article ‘A’ का प्रयोग नहीं करते हैं, परंतु Proper Noun यदि Common Noun की तरह प्रयोग किया जाता है तो इसके लिए Article ‘A’ का प्रयोग करते हैं

    जैसे-

    ·         He is a Hitler.
    ·         My English teacher is a Shakespeare.
    ·         His father is a Napoleon.
     

    Use of Indefinite Article ‘An’

     1. इसका प्रयोग किसी स्वर (Vowel Sound) से उच्चारित होने वाले शब्द से पहले करते हैं

    जैसे-

    ·         This is an umbrella.
    ·         An important meeting is running.
    ·         There was an apple on the table.
     

    2. कुछ शब्द Consonant से शुरू होते हैं परंतु उनका उच्चारण (Pronunciation), स्वर (Vowel Sound) से होता है। ऐसे शब्दों से पहले भी Indefinite Article ‘An’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।

    जैसे-

    ·         He is an honest man.
    ·         I had been waiting for you for an hour.
    ·         Mr. Sudarshan is an honorable teacher.
    ·         His daughter is an S.D.M.
    ·         My friend has an M.A. degree.
    ·         His father is an M.L.A.
    ·         His sister has an L.L.B. degree.
     

    Use of Definite Article ‘The’

    1. Superlative Degree से पहले ‘The’ का प्रयोग करते हैं

    जैसे-

    ·         Our monitor is the tallest boy in the class.
    ·         She is the most intelligent girl in the class.
    ·         India has the best places to visit.
     

    2. कोई ऐसी वस्तु जिसके जैसी कोई दूसरी ना हो

    जैसे-

    ·         The sun is not the hottest star.
    ·         The moon has no source of light.
    ·         The earth moves around the sun.
    ·         The Himalayas is the biggest mountain.
    ·         The Taj Mahal is in Agra.
    ·         The Ramayana is a holy book of Hindus.
    ·         The Bible is a holy book of Christians.
     

    3. Respect देने के लिए।

    जैसे-

    ·         The grandfather is reading a newspaper.
    ·         The mother is cooking food.
    ·         The leader is visiting our city tomorrow.
     

    4. ऐसा शब्द जिस पर Emphasize (जोर देना) देना हो।

    जैसे-
    • It is the public place.
    • This is the school where I used to study.
    • This is the house we were talking about last night.

    5. Comparative degree के Adverb की तरह प्रयोग होने पर।

    जैसे-

    • The higher you go,the cooler you feel.
    • I need to finish my homework quickly. The sooner, the better.

    6. Proper Noun से पहले Article का प्रयोग नहीं करते हैं, परंतु Proper Noun से पहले कोई Adjective हो तो ‘the’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।

    जैसे-

    ·         The great Asoka ruled all over India.
    ·         The great Napoleon was defeated in Waterloo.
    ·         We can’t forget the immortal Gandhi.
     

    6. कुछ प्रांत, देश, तथा भौगोलिक नामों के पहले।

    जैसे-


    • The Punjab is the place of five rivers.
    • I visited the United States of America last week.      

     7. केवल दो बीमारियों के पहले ‘the’ का प्रयोग होता है।

     
    • The measles (खसरा) तथा the mumps (कंठमाला का रोग)
     

    The Omission of the Article

     

    1. Proper Noun के पहले प्राय: किसी Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।

    जैसे- Ravi, Sweta, Kolkata, Delhi, etc.

     

    2. Material Noun के पहले सामान्यता: Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।

    जैसे-

    ·         Gold is a precious metal.
    ·         Silver is cheaper than gold.
     

    Note: Material Noun का प्रयोग विशेष अर्थ मे हो तो ‘the’ का प्रयोग होता है।

    जैसे-

    • The gold  of my ring is pure.
    • The iron of the gate is impure.
     

    3. Abstract Noun के पहले Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।

    जैसे- Honesty is the best policy.

     

    Repetition of the Article

    1. जब दो या दो से अधिक Adjectives एक ही Noun को Qualify करे और वे Conjunction ‘and’ से जुड़े हों तो Article का प्रयोग केवल पहले वाले Adjective के पहले करेंगे।

    जैसे-

    • The black and white shirt. (काली और सफ़ेद रंग की एक शर्ट)
    • I met the dumb and deaf man. (मैं एक गूंगे, बहरे व्यक्ति से मिला।)

    2. जब दो या दो से अधिक Adjectives भिन्न-भिन्न Nouns को Qualify करे तो प्रत्येक Adjective के पहले Article का प्रयोग करेंगे।

    जैसे-

    • The black and the white shirt. (एक काली और एक सफ़ेद रंग की एक शर्ट)
    • I met the dumb and the deaf men. (मैं एक गूंगे और एक बहरे व्यक्ति से मिला।)

     FAQs

    Q. 1. What are articles and why are they important in English grammar?

    Articles are words (such as "a," "an," and "the") used for nouns to indicate their specificity. They are important as they help convey precise meaning and add clarity to sentences.

    Q. 2. What are the different types of articles and how are they used?

    There are two types of articles: Definite (the) and Indefinite (a/an). Definite articles refer to specific nouns, while indefinite articles refer to nonspecific or generic nouns.

    Q. 3. How do I know when to use "a," "an," or "the"?

    Use "a" before words that begin with a consonant sound, and "an" before words that begin with a vowel sound. "The" is used when referring to a specific noun that has been previously mentioned or is already known to the listener.

    Q. 4. Can you provide examples of how articles are used in sentences?

    Examples: "I saw a cat in the park." (Indefinite article) "The cat that I saw was black." (Definite article)

    Q. 5. What are some common mistakes people make with articles in English grammar?

    Common mistakes include using the wrong article, omitting articles when necessary, or using articles incorrectly with countable/uncountable nouns or proper nouns.

    Q, 6, Are there any specific rules for using articles with proper nouns?

    Generally, articles are not used with proper nouns. However, "the" may be used with proper nouns when referring to a specific instance or when the noun is modified to form a unique identity.

    Q. 7. How do articles function with countable and uncountable nouns?

    Countable nouns typically require an article (or other determiners) when singular, but not when plural. Uncountable nouns usually do not require an article, but they can be used with "the" when referring to a specific instance or a known quantity.

    Q. 8. What are the exceptions or special cases in article usage?

    There are exceptions in certain idiomatic expressions, fixed phrases, or specific contexts where articles may be omitted or used differently. Examples include expressions like "in bed" or "at school."

    Q. 9. Are there any tips or tricks to remember the correct usage of articles?

    Practice and exposure are keys. Read and listen to English content, pay attention to how articles are used, and consult your teacher or reputable grammar resources for guidance. Developing a sense of context and meaning will help improve article usage.

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