Verb की दो Voices होती हैं- Active Voice and Passive Voice- कार्य जब कर्ता द्वारा किया जाता है, तो यह Active Voice होता है। जैसे- पाण्डेय सर गणित पढ़ाते हैं। (Pandey sir teaches Math.) Active Voice का उपयोग तब किया जाता है जब कर्ता और क्रिया के बीच अधिक स्पष्ट संबंध की आवश्यकता होती है। Passive Voice- का उपयोग तब किया जाता है जब क्रिया के कर्ता का ज्ञान नहीं होता है और वाक्य का ध्यान कर्म पर होता है न कि कर्ता पर। जैसे- गणित पढ़ाया जाता है। (Math is taught.)
Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलने के नियम
1. Present, Past तथा Future Perfect Continuous और Future Continuous Tense के Passive Voice नहीं बनते हैं।
2. सामान्यत: Transitive Verb वाले Sentence को Passive Voice में बदला जाता है। अर्थात जिस वाक्य मे Object हो उन्हे Passive Voice बदलते हैं।
3. Active Voice के Object को Passive Voice में Subject बना देते हैं।
4. Active Voice के Subject को Passive Voice मे Object बना देते हैं, तथा इस नए Object से पहले सामान्यत: Preposition ‘by’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।
5. Passive Voice में Main Verb हमेशा 3rd form में प्रयोग की जाती हैं।
6. Active Voice के Present, तथा Past Indefinite Tense के Affirmative Sentence में Helping Verb का प्रयोग नहीं होता है, परंतु Passive Voice के सभी Sentences में Helping Verb का प्रयोग करते हैं।
7. Passive Voice में सहायक क्रियाएँ Active Voice से अलग होती हैं।
Passive Voice की सहायक क्रियाएँ-
Present Indefinite Tense- is, are, am
Present Continuous Tense- (is/are/am) + being
Present Perfect Tense- (has/have) + been
Past Indefinite Tense- was, were
Past Continuous Tense- (was/were) + being
Past Perfect Tense- had been
Future Indefinite Tense- (shall/will) + be
Future Perfect Tense- (shall/will) + have been
Structure for Assertive Sentences-
A. V.- Sub. + h. verb + m. verb + obj. + etc.
P. V.- Sub. + h. verb + m. verb III + etc. + by + obj.
Examples
1. Active: She was writing the novel.
2. Active: They did not build a new bridge.
Passive: A new bridge was not built by them.
3. Active: He solved the puzzle in competition.
Passive: The puzzle was solved in competition by him.
4. Active: The company will not have developed a new product.
Passive: A new product will not have been developed by the company.
5. Active: They will deliver the package tomorrow.
Passive: The package will be delivered tomorrow by them.
6. Active: The chef is preparing delicious food.
Passive: Delicious food is being prepared by the chef.
7. Active: The mechanic fixes the car.
Passive: The car is fixed by the mechanic.
8. Active: They had awarded her the prize.
Passive: She had been awarded the prize by them.
9. Active: The teacher will explain the lesson to the students.
Passive: The lesson will be explained to the students by the teacher.
10. Active: He has talked to his mother.
Passive: His mother has been talked to by him.
11. Active: They organized the event.
Passive: The event was organized by them.
12. Active: She will bake a delicious cake.
Passive: A delicious cake will be baked by her.
13. Active: The police have arrested the suspect.
Passive: The suspect has been arrested by the police.
14. Active: We shall finish the project next week.
Passive: The project will be finished next week by us.
15. Active: He did not invite her to the party.
Passive: She was not invited to the party by him.
16. Active: The committee has selected the winner.
Passive: The winner has been selected by the committee.
17. Active: They canceled the concert due to bad weather.
Passive: The concert was canceled due to bad weather by them.
18. Active: The doctors prescribe medications for the patients.
Passive: Medications are prescribed for the patients by the doctors.
19. Active: The students asked the teacher many questions.
Passive: The teacher was asked many questions by the students.
20. Active: The company offered him a job.
Passive: A job was offered to him by the company.
Notes: 1. Sentence में यदि दो Objects आए हों तो किसी एक को (जिसमें Preposition ना हो) Subject बनाना चाहिए। Ex. 3, 8, 9, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20
2. Sentence में यदि etc. word आया हो तो उसे ‘by’ से पहले रखना चाहिए। Ex. 5, 14
3. Sentence में यदि Object से पहले कोई preposition आया हो तो उसे ‘by’ से पहले रखना चाहिए। Ex. 10
Structure for Interrogative Sentences-
A. V.- Que. Word + h. verb + Sub. + m. verb + obj. + etc. + ?
P. V.- Que. Word + h. verb + Sub. + m. verb III + etc. + by + obj. ?
Examples
Passive: Was the assignment completed by him?
2. Active: Are they not planning the party?
Passive: Is the party not being planned by them?
3. Active: Why have you sent the email?
Passive: Why has the email been sent by you?
4. Active: Does she know the answer?
Passive: Is the answer known by her?
5. Active: When have they fixed the car?
Passive: When has the car been fixed by them?
6. Active: Can you solve the problem?
Passive: Can the problem be solved by you?
7. Active: Will they have finished the project?
Passive: Will the project have been finished by them?
8. Active: Did the police catch the thief?
Passive: Was the thief caught by the police?
9. Active: Had she invited you to the event?
Passive: Had you been invited to the event by her?
10. Active: Have you booked the hotel room?
Passive: Has the hotel room been booked by you?
11. Active: Does your father love you?
Passive: Are you loved by your father?
12. Active: Did they invite him to the party?
Passive: Was he invited to the party by them?
13. Active: Can you open the door?
Passive: Can the door be opened by you?
14. Active: Did he not write the report?
Passive: Was the report not written by him?
15. Active: How have they completed the task?
Passive: How has the task been completed by them?
16. Active: Did you prepare dinner?
Passive: Was dinner prepared by you?
17. Active: Did the teacher explain the lesson?
Passive: Was the lesson explained by the teacher?
18. Active: Have they made a decision?
Passive: Has a decision been made by them?
19. Active: Did she send the package?
Passive: Was the package sent by her?
20. Active: How can you fix the computer?
Passive: How can the computer be fixed by you?
Note: यदि Sentence में
‘not’ आया हो तो उसे Subject के बाद रखते
हैं। Ex. 2, 14
FAQ’s
Q1: What is active voice?
A1: Active voice is a grammatical construction in which the subject of a sentence performs the action expressed by the verb. For example, in the sentence "Alpana ate an apple," "Alpana" is the subject and performs the action of eating the apple.
Q2: What is passive voice?
A2: Passive voice is a grammatical construction in which the subject of a sentence receives the action expressed by the verb. The focus is on the recipient of the action rather than the doer. For example, in the sentence "The apple was eaten by Alpana," "The apple" is the subject, and it receives the action of being eaten by Alpana.
Q3: When should I use active voice?
A3: Active voice is generally preferred because it is more direct, concise, and easier to understand. Use active voice when you want to emphasize the doer of the action or when you want to make your writing more engaging.
Q4: When should I use passive voice?
A4: Passive voice is used when you want to shift the focus from the doer of the action to the recipient or when the doer is unknown or unimportant. It is also used in formal or scientific writing to maintain objectivity. Additionally, passive voice can be used to create variety or to avoid placing blame or responsibility on someone.
Q5: How can I identify active and passive voice?
A5: To identify active and passive voice, look at the sentence structure and verb forms. In active voice, the subject performs the action, and the sentence structure is typically subject + verb + object. In passive voice, the subject receives the action, and the sentence structure is typically object + verb III + subject.
Q6: Can I change passive voice to active voice?
A6: Yes, in most cases, you can convert a sentence from passive voice to active voice. To do so, identify the subject of the passive sentence and make it the subject of the active sentence. Then, rewrite the verb to the active form and make any necessary changes to the sentence structure.
Q7: Are there any situations where passive voice is necessary?
A7: While active voice is generally preferred, there are certain situations where passive voice is necessary or more appropriate. For example, when the doer of the action is unknown or irrelevant, or when the focus is on the action rather than the doer. In scientific writing, passive voice is often used to maintain objectivity and to present findings in a more impersonal manner.
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