Synthesis शाब्दिक अर्थ संश्लेषण होता है। इसमे दो या दो से अधिक simple Sentences को जोड़कर एक Simple, Complex या Compound Sentence बनाया जाता है। नये वाक्य में दिये गए सभी वाक्यों की सभी मुख्य बातों का समावेश होना आवश्यक होता है।
Formation of Simple Sentences
दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को मिलकर एक Simple Sentence बनाने के निम्न तरीके हैं-
1.
Participle का प्रयोग करके
2.
Infinitive का प्रयोग करके
3.
Nominative Absolute का प्रयोग करके
4.
Gerund या Noun
के
पूर्व Preposition
का
प्रयोग करके
5.
Noun या
Phrase in
Apposition का प्रयोग करके
6.
Adverb या Adverbial
Phrase का
प्रयोग करके
7.
Adjective का प्रयोग करके
8.
Conjunction “and” का प्रयोग करके
Note: ऐसे सभी Sentence जिनमे Main Verb एक ही हो Simple Sentence कहलाते हैं, चाहे वे किसी भी Tense मे हों। यदि किसी Sentence मे एक से अधिक Main Verbs हों तो वह Sentence, Simple Sentence न होकर Complex या Compound Sentence होता है।
Participle का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
ऐसे Verbs जो Sentence में Verb तथा Adjective दोनो का काम करें, Participles कहलाते हैं। ये तीन प्रकार के होते हैं- Present, Past, तथा Perfect Participle
Present Participle:
Present Participle क्रिया में ing जोड़ कर बनता है। हिन्दी मे इसका अर्थ ‘हुए’ या ‘करके’ होता है। जब दिये गए दोनों वाक्यों मे ‘कर्ता’ एक ही हो, तथा एक कार्य होने के तुरंत बाद दूसरा कार्य हो तो इन्हे Present Participle से Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
The dog barked loudly. It ran after me.
Combined: Barking loudly the dog ran after me.
2. She ran to catch the bus. She fell down.
Combined: Running to catch the bus, she fell down.
3. The children watched the clown's funny antics. They laughed.
Combined: Watching the clown's funny antics the children laughed.
4. The car skidded on the wet road. It crashed into a tree.
Combined: Skidding on the wet road, the car crashed into a tree.
5. The baby cried. She wanted her mother.
Combined: Crying, the baby wanted her mother.
6. The students studied for the exam. They stayed up late at night.
Combined: Studying for the exam, the students stayed up late at night.
7. The flowers bloomed. Their fragrance filled the room.
Combined: Blooming, the flowers filled the room with their fragrance.
8. The chef cooked the meal. He added spices and herbs.
Combined: Cooking the meal, the chef added spices and herbs.
9. The athlete stretched her body. She prepared for the race.
Combined: Stretching her body, the athlete prepared for the race.
10. The child played with his toys. He giggled with joy.
Combined: Playing with his toys, the child giggled with joy.
11. The birds chirped in the trees. They filled the air with their melodies.
Combined: Chirping in the trees, the birds filled the air with their melodies.
12. I saw a dog. It was running after my friend.
Combined: I saw a dog running after my friend.
Combined: Barking loudly the dog ran after me.
2. She ran to catch the bus. She fell down.
Combined: Running to catch the bus, she fell down.
3. The children watched the clown's funny antics. They laughed.
Combined: Watching the clown's funny antics the children laughed.
4. The car skidded on the wet road. It crashed into a tree.
Combined: Skidding on the wet road, the car crashed into a tree.
5. The baby cried. She wanted her mother.
Combined: Crying, the baby wanted her mother.
6. The students studied for the exam. They stayed up late at night.
Combined: Studying for the exam, the students stayed up late at night.
7. The flowers bloomed. Their fragrance filled the room.
Combined: Blooming, the flowers filled the room with their fragrance.
8. The chef cooked the meal. He added spices and herbs.
Combined: Cooking the meal, the chef added spices and herbs.
9. The athlete stretched her body. She prepared for the race.
Combined: Stretching her body, the athlete prepared for the race.
10. The child played with his toys. He giggled with joy.
Combined: Playing with his toys, the child giggled with joy.
11. The birds chirped in the trees. They filled the air with their melodies.
Combined: Chirping in the trees, the birds filled the air with their melodies.
12. I saw a dog. It was running after my friend.
Combined: I saw a dog running after my friend.
Note: जब Participle का संबंध Object से हो तो उसे Object के बाद रखते हैं। Ex. 12
Past Participle:
Past Participle का प्रयोग क्रिया के तीसरे रूप मे होता है, तथा यह वाक्य में Adjective का कार्य करता है।
For example
1. She carried a delicious cake. It was baked.
Combined: She carried a baked delicious cake.
2. He tied up the books. The books were scattered.
Combined: He tied up the scattered books.
3. They rebuilt a beautiful castle. It was ruined.
Combined: They rebuilt a beautiful ruined castle.
4. The mechanic repaired the car. It was broken down.
Combined: The mechanic repaired the broken down car.
5. The inspector inspected the building. It was painted.
Combined: The inspector inspected the painted building.
6. The filmmaker directed this movie. It received acclaim.
Combined: The filmmaker directed this acclaimed movie.
7. I found my cell phone. It was lost.
Combined: I found my lost cell phone.
2. He tied up the books. The books were scattered.
Combined: He tied up the scattered books.
3. They rebuilt a beautiful castle. It was ruined.
Combined: They rebuilt a beautiful ruined castle.
4. The mechanic repaired the car. It was broken down.
Combined: The mechanic repaired the broken down car.
5. The inspector inspected the building. It was painted.
Combined: The inspector inspected the painted building.
6. The filmmaker directed this movie. It received acclaim.
Combined: The filmmaker directed this acclaimed movie.
7. I found my cell phone. It was lost.
Combined: I found my lost cell phone.
Perfect Participle:
Perfect Participle में Having के साथ Verb का 3rd form लगाते है। जब दिये गए दोनों वाक्यों मे ‘कर्ता’ एक ही हो, तथा एक कार्य पूर्ण होने के बाद दूसरा कार्य हो तो इन्हे Perfect Participle से Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
She had finished
her work. She went out for a walk.
Combined: Having finished her work, she went out for a walk.
2. They had completed the project. They celebrated their success.
Combined: Having completed the project, they celebrated their success.
3. He had packed his bags. He left for the airport.
Combined: Having packed his bags, he left for the airport.
4. The guests had reached home. The party started.
Combined: The guests having reached home, the party started.
5. She had studied hard. She passed the exam.
Combined: Having studied hard, she passed the exam.
6. They had seen the movie. They couldn't stop talking about it.
Combined: Having seen the movie, they couldn't stop talking about it.
7. She had prepared the presentation. She delivered it confidently.
Combined: Having prepared the presentation, she delivered it confidently.
8. The rain had stopped. We went outside for a walk.
Combined: The rain having stopped, we went outside for a walk.
9. He had finished his meal. He paid the bill and left the restaurant.
Combined: Having finished his meal, he paid the bill and left the restaurant.
10. They had resolved the conflict. They started working together harmoniously.
Combined: Having resolved the conflict, they started working together harmoniously.
Combined: Having finished her work, she went out for a walk.
2. They had completed the project. They celebrated their success.
Combined: Having completed the project, they celebrated their success.
3. He had packed his bags. He left for the airport.
Combined: Having packed his bags, he left for the airport.
4. The guests had reached home. The party started.
Combined: The guests having reached home, the party started.
5. She had studied hard. She passed the exam.
Combined: Having studied hard, she passed the exam.
6. They had seen the movie. They couldn't stop talking about it.
Combined: Having seen the movie, they couldn't stop talking about it.
7. She had prepared the presentation. She delivered it confidently.
Combined: Having prepared the presentation, she delivered it confidently.
8. The rain had stopped. We went outside for a walk.
Combined: The rain having stopped, we went outside for a walk.
9. He had finished his meal. He paid the bill and left the restaurant.
Combined: Having finished his meal, he paid the bill and left the restaurant.
10. They had resolved the conflict. They started working together harmoniously.
Combined: Having resolved the conflict, they started working together harmoniously.
Infinitive का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
Infinitive, Verb मे to जोड़कर बनाया जाता है। हिन्दी मे अर्थ निकालने पर क्रिया के अंत मे ‘ना’, ‘ने’, ‘नी’ आता है। जिस Sentence से Result का पता चलता है उसे Infinitive मे बदल देते कर देते हैं।
For example
1.
She likes to read
books. She spends hours in the library.
Combined: She spends hours in the library to read books.
2. He wants to travel the world. He has a desire to explore new cultures.
Combined: He wants to travel the world to explore new cultures.
3. They decided to start a business. They conducted market research.
Combined: They conducted market research to start a business.
4. He plans to learn musical instruments. He has to play Piano.
Combined: He plans to learn musical instruments to play Piano.
5. She loves to swim in the ocean. She finds it refreshing.
Combined: She finds the ocean refreshing to swim.
6. He wants to become a doctor. He has a passion for helping others.
Combined: He wants to become a doctor to help others.
7. She needs to buy groceries. She went to the shop.
Combined: She went to the shop to buy groceries.
Combined: She spends hours in the library to read books.
2. He wants to travel the world. He has a desire to explore new cultures.
Combined: He wants to travel the world to explore new cultures.
3. They decided to start a business. They conducted market research.
Combined: They conducted market research to start a business.
4. He plans to learn musical instruments. He has to play Piano.
Combined: He plans to learn musical instruments to play Piano.
5. She loves to swim in the ocean. She finds it refreshing.
Combined: She finds the ocean refreshing to swim.
6. He wants to become a doctor. He has a passion for helping others.
Combined: He wants to become a doctor to help others.
7. She needs to buy groceries. She went to the shop.
Combined: She went to the shop to buy groceries.
Nominative Absolute का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
Nominative Absolute उस कर्ता को कहते हैं जो वाक्य में स्वतंत्र रहता है, यह Perfect Participle से पहले प्रयुक्त होता है। इसका प्रयोग तब होता है जब दिये गए दोनों वाक्यों का Subject अलग अलग होता है, तथा दिये गए दोनों वाक्यो मे कारण और परिणाम (Causal relation) का संबंध होता है। Synthesis करते समय जो कार्य पहले हो उसके Subject को Perfect Participle से पहले रखते हैं।
►जब Sentence मे Verb, is, are, am, was, were हो तो Subject के बाद being का प्रयोग करते हैं। Ex. 3
►जब Sentence, Passive Voice हो तो Subject के बाद having been का प्रयोग करते हैं। Ex. 2
For example
1.
The rain stopped. We continued our hike.
Combined: The rain having stopped we continued our hike.
2. The match was finished. Players celebrated their victory.
Combined: The match having been finished players celebrated their victory.
3. The alarm was ringing loudly. John woke up from his sleep.
Combined: The alarm being rung loudly John woke up from his sleep.
4. The concert ended. The crowd erupted in applause.
Combined: The concert having ended the crowd erupted in applause.
5. The cake baked to perfection. Its aroma filled the kitchen.
Combined: The cake having baked to perfection its aroma filled the kitchen.
6. The sun set below the horizon. Darkness enveloped the landscape.
Combined: The sun having set below the horizon darkness enveloped the landscape.
7. The baby fell asleep. His parents tiptoed out of the room.
Combined: The baby having fallen asleep his parents tiptoed out of the room.
8. The students completed their exams. They breathed a sigh of relief.
Combined: The students having completed their exams they breathed a sigh of relief.
9. The train arrived at the station. Passengers hurriedly disembarked.
Combined: The train having arrived at the station passengers hurriedly disembarked.
10. The flowers bloomed in the garden. Bees buzzed from one to another.
Combined: The flowers having bloomed in the garden bees buzzed from one to another.
11. The fire alarm rang loudly. People quickly evacuated the building.
Combined: The fire alarm having rung loudly people quickly evacuated the building.
12. The moon rose in the sky. Stars sparkled all around.
Combined: The moon having risen in the sky stars sparkled all around.
13. The baby cried uncontrollably. Her mother rushed to soothe her.
Combined: The baby having cried uncontrollably her mother rushed to soothe her.
14. The athletes crossed the finish line. The crowd erupted in cheers.
Combined: The athletes having crossed the finish line the crowd erupted in cheers.
15. The storm raged outside. We gathered around the fireplace.
Combined: The storm having raged outside we gathered around the fireplace.
16. The birds chirped in the trees. The sun began to rise.
Combined: The birds having chirped in the trees the sun began to rise.
17. The professor concluded the lecture. Students started packing their bags.
Combined: The professor having concluded the lecture students started packing their bags.
18. The wind blew fiercely. Leaves rustled on the ground.
Combined: The wind having blown fiercely leaves rustled on the ground.
19. The car screeched to a halt. The driver got out to inspect the damage.
Combined: The car having screeched to a halt the driver got out to inspect the damage.
20. The rain poured down. People sought shelter under umbrellas.
Combined: The rain having poured down people sought shelter under umbrellas.
21. The clock ticked slowly. The minutes felt like hours.
Combined: The clock having ticked slowly the minutes felt like hours.
22. The children laughed gleefully. Their parents joined in the merriment.
Combined: The children having laughed gleefully their parents joined in the merriment.
23. The waves crashed against the shore. Seagulls soared above the water.
Combined: The waves having crashed against the shore seagulls soared above the water.
Combined: The rain having stopped we continued our hike.
2. The match was finished. Players celebrated their victory.
Combined: The match having been finished players celebrated their victory.
3. The alarm was ringing loudly. John woke up from his sleep.
Combined: The alarm being rung loudly John woke up from his sleep.
4. The concert ended. The crowd erupted in applause.
Combined: The concert having ended the crowd erupted in applause.
5. The cake baked to perfection. Its aroma filled the kitchen.
Combined: The cake having baked to perfection its aroma filled the kitchen.
6. The sun set below the horizon. Darkness enveloped the landscape.
Combined: The sun having set below the horizon darkness enveloped the landscape.
7. The baby fell asleep. His parents tiptoed out of the room.
Combined: The baby having fallen asleep his parents tiptoed out of the room.
8. The students completed their exams. They breathed a sigh of relief.
Combined: The students having completed their exams they breathed a sigh of relief.
9. The train arrived at the station. Passengers hurriedly disembarked.
Combined: The train having arrived at the station passengers hurriedly disembarked.
10. The flowers bloomed in the garden. Bees buzzed from one to another.
Combined: The flowers having bloomed in the garden bees buzzed from one to another.
11. The fire alarm rang loudly. People quickly evacuated the building.
Combined: The fire alarm having rung loudly people quickly evacuated the building.
12. The moon rose in the sky. Stars sparkled all around.
Combined: The moon having risen in the sky stars sparkled all around.
13. The baby cried uncontrollably. Her mother rushed to soothe her.
Combined: The baby having cried uncontrollably her mother rushed to soothe her.
14. The athletes crossed the finish line. The crowd erupted in cheers.
Combined: The athletes having crossed the finish line the crowd erupted in cheers.
15. The storm raged outside. We gathered around the fireplace.
Combined: The storm having raged outside we gathered around the fireplace.
16. The birds chirped in the trees. The sun began to rise.
Combined: The birds having chirped in the trees the sun began to rise.
17. The professor concluded the lecture. Students started packing their bags.
Combined: The professor having concluded the lecture students started packing their bags.
18. The wind blew fiercely. Leaves rustled on the ground.
Combined: The wind having blown fiercely leaves rustled on the ground.
19. The car screeched to a halt. The driver got out to inspect the damage.
Combined: The car having screeched to a halt the driver got out to inspect the damage.
20. The rain poured down. People sought shelter under umbrellas.
Combined: The rain having poured down people sought shelter under umbrellas.
21. The clock ticked slowly. The minutes felt like hours.
Combined: The clock having ticked slowly the minutes felt like hours.
22. The children laughed gleefully. Their parents joined in the merriment.
Combined: The children having laughed gleefully their parents joined in the merriment.
23. The waves crashed against the shore. Seagulls soared above the water.
Combined: The waves having crashed against the shore seagulls soared above the water.
Gerund या Noun के पूर्व Preposition का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
Gerund, Verb मे ing जोड़कर बनाया जाता है, तथा sentence में Subject या Object का कार्य करता है। Gerund या Noun से पहले Preposition का प्रयोग करके दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को Combine करके आसानी से Simple Sentence बनाया जा सकता है।
For example
1.
He bought a suit.
He wanted to wear it on the journey.
Combined: He bought a suit for the journey.
2. They purchased new furniture. They spent a lot of money on it.
Combined: They purchased new furniture for a lot of money.
3. She ordered a pizza. She requested extra cheese on it.
Combined: She ordered a pizza with extra cheese on it.
4. He rented a car. He needed it for his business trip.
Combined: He rented a car for his business trip.
5. She hired a plumber. She needed assistance with the leaking faucet.
Combined: She hired a plumber for assistance with the leaking faucet.
6. She booked a flight. She chose a window seat for the journey.
Combined: She booked a flight with a window seat for the journey.
7. He purchased a laptop. He received a student discount on it.
Combined: He purchased a laptop with a student discount on it.
8. She picked up some groceries. She needed ingredients for the recipe.
Combined: She picked up some groceries for the recipe.
9. He brought his camera. He wanted to capture the beautiful sunset.
Combined: He brought his camera for capturing the beautiful sunset.
10. They hired a guide. They wanted assistance with the hiking trail.
Combined: They hired a guide for assistance with the hiking trail.
11. She purchased a ticket. She paid the full price for it.
Combined: She purchased a ticket for the full price.
12. He made a reservation. He requested a table by the window.
Combined: He made a reservation for a table by the window.
13. They rented a cabin. They planned to stay there for the weekend.
Combined: They rented a cabin for staying there for the weekend.
14. She signed up for a class. She aimed to improve her language skills.
Combined: She signed up for a class for improving her language skills.
15. He ordered a sandwich. He asked for extra toppings on it.
Combined: He ordered a sandwich with extra toppings on it.
16. They bought new clothes. They needed outfits for the special occasion.
Combined: They bought new clothes for the special occasion.
17. She hired a personal trainer. She wanted guidance with her fitness routine.
Combined: She hired a personal trainer for guidance with her fitness routine.
Combined: He bought a suit for the journey.
2. They purchased new furniture. They spent a lot of money on it.
Combined: They purchased new furniture for a lot of money.
3. She ordered a pizza. She requested extra cheese on it.
Combined: She ordered a pizza with extra cheese on it.
4. He rented a car. He needed it for his business trip.
Combined: He rented a car for his business trip.
5. She hired a plumber. She needed assistance with the leaking faucet.
Combined: She hired a plumber for assistance with the leaking faucet.
6. She booked a flight. She chose a window seat for the journey.
Combined: She booked a flight with a window seat for the journey.
7. He purchased a laptop. He received a student discount on it.
Combined: He purchased a laptop with a student discount on it.
8. She picked up some groceries. She needed ingredients for the recipe.
Combined: She picked up some groceries for the recipe.
9. He brought his camera. He wanted to capture the beautiful sunset.
Combined: He brought his camera for capturing the beautiful sunset.
10. They hired a guide. They wanted assistance with the hiking trail.
Combined: They hired a guide for assistance with the hiking trail.
11. She purchased a ticket. She paid the full price for it.
Combined: She purchased a ticket for the full price.
12. He made a reservation. He requested a table by the window.
Combined: He made a reservation for a table by the window.
13. They rented a cabin. They planned to stay there for the weekend.
Combined: They rented a cabin for staying there for the weekend.
14. She signed up for a class. She aimed to improve her language skills.
Combined: She signed up for a class for improving her language skills.
15. He ordered a sandwich. He asked for extra toppings on it.
Combined: He ordered a sandwich with extra toppings on it.
16. They bought new clothes. They needed outfits for the special occasion.
Combined: They bought new clothes for the special occasion.
17. She hired a personal trainer. She wanted guidance with her fitness routine.
Combined: She hired a personal trainer for guidance with her fitness routine.
Noun या Phrase in Apposition का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
Apposition का अर्थ साथ रखना होता है। इसमे एक शब्द या शब्दों के समूह वाक्य में किसी दूसरे शब्द की व्याख्या करते हैं। ऐसे शब्द और इस शब्द के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्द या एसएचबीडी समूह को साथ रख कर Simple Sentence बनाते हैं।
For example
1.
Mary is an
excellent singer. She performed at the concert.
Combined: Mary, an excellent singer performed at the concert.
2. The Eiffel Tower is an iconic landmark in Paris. It attracts millions of tourists.
Combined: The Eiffel Tower, an iconic landmark in Paris attracts millions of tourists.
3. My dog is a friendly golden retriever. He loves playing the ball.
Combined: My dog a friendly golden retriever, loves playing the ball.
4. Mahima is a talented girl. She won the painting competition.
Combined: Mahima, a talented girl won the painting competition.
5. The Himalayas is the highest mountain range in the world. It is a popular destination for trekkers.
Combined: The Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world, is a popular destination for trekkers.
6. Tom is a skilled mechanic. He repaired my car.
Combined: Tom, a skilled mechanic repaired my car.
7. The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an architectural masterpiece. It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan.
Combined: The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, built by Emperor Shah Jahan is an architectural masterpiece.
8. Jyoti Ma'am, a dedicated teacher, inspired her students. She encouraged them to pursue their dreams.
Combined: Jyoti Ma'am, a dedicated teacher, and inspiration for her students encouraged them to pursue their dreams.
9. The Great Barrier Reef is a natural wonder of the world. It attracts scuba divers and snorkelers.
Combined: The Great Barrier Reef, a natural wonder of the world, attracts scuba divers and snorkelers.
Combined: Mary, an excellent singer performed at the concert.
2. The Eiffel Tower is an iconic landmark in Paris. It attracts millions of tourists.
Combined: The Eiffel Tower, an iconic landmark in Paris attracts millions of tourists.
3. My dog is a friendly golden retriever. He loves playing the ball.
Combined: My dog a friendly golden retriever, loves playing the ball.
4. Mahima is a talented girl. She won the painting competition.
Combined: Mahima, a talented girl won the painting competition.
5. The Himalayas is the highest mountain range in the world. It is a popular destination for trekkers.
Combined: The Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world, is a popular destination for trekkers.
6. Tom is a skilled mechanic. He repaired my car.
Combined: Tom, a skilled mechanic repaired my car.
7. The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an architectural masterpiece. It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan.
Combined: The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, built by Emperor Shah Jahan is an architectural masterpiece.
8. Jyoti Ma'am, a dedicated teacher, inspired her students. She encouraged them to pursue their dreams.
Combined: Jyoti Ma'am, a dedicated teacher, and inspiration for her students encouraged them to pursue their dreams.
9. The Great Barrier Reef is a natural wonder of the world. It attracts scuba divers and snorkelers.
Combined: The Great Barrier Reef, a natural wonder of the world, attracts scuba divers and snorkelers.
Adverb या Adverbial Phrase का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
वह शब्द जो किसी Verb, Adjective या किसी दूसरे Adverb की विशेषता बताए उसे Adverb कहते हैं। यदि यह एक शब्द ना होकार शब्दों का समूह हो तो इसे Adverbial Phrase कहते हैं। Adverb साधारणतया ly का प्रयोग करके बनाता है।
जब दिये गए वाक्यों मे से कोई एक वाक्य दूसरे वाक्य के Verb, Adjective या Adverb की विशेषता बताए तो इस नियम का प्रयोग करके Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
She sang the
song. She sang it beautifully.
Combined: She sang the song beautifully.
2. They walked to school. They walked there slowly.
Combined: They walked to school slowly.
3. He solved the puzzle. He solved it effortlessly.
Combined: He solved the puzzle effortlessly.
4. She wrote the letter. She wrote it carefully.
Combined: She wrote the letter carefully.
5. They cooked dinner. They cooked it skillfully.
Combined: They cooked dinner skillfully.
6. He played the guitar. He played it with passion.
Combined: He played the guitar passionately.
7. She spoke to the audience. She was confident.
Combined: She spoke to the audience confidently.
8. They cleaned the house. They cleaned it thoroughly.
Combined: They cleaned the house thoroughly.
9. He completed the project. He was not careful about it.
Combined: He completed the project carelessly.
10. She painted the picture. She seemed to be very happy doing this.
Combined: She painted the picture happily.
Combined: She sang the song beautifully.
2. They walked to school. They walked there slowly.
Combined: They walked to school slowly.
3. He solved the puzzle. He solved it effortlessly.
Combined: He solved the puzzle effortlessly.
4. She wrote the letter. She wrote it carefully.
Combined: She wrote the letter carefully.
5. They cooked dinner. They cooked it skillfully.
Combined: They cooked dinner skillfully.
6. He played the guitar. He played it with passion.
Combined: He played the guitar passionately.
7. She spoke to the audience. She was confident.
Combined: She spoke to the audience confidently.
8. They cleaned the house. They cleaned it thoroughly.
Combined: They cleaned the house thoroughly.
9. He completed the project. He was not careful about it.
Combined: He completed the project carelessly.
10. She painted the picture. She seemed to be very happy doing this.
Combined: She painted the picture happily.
Adjective का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
वह शब्द जो किसी Noun की विशेषता बताए उसे Adjective कहते हैं। जब दिये गए वाक्यों मे से कोई एक वाक्य दूसरे वाक्य के Noun की विशेषता बताए तो इस संबन्धित Noun के पास रखकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
The dog was friendly. It wagged its tail.
Combined: The friendly dog wagged its tail.
2. The cake was delicious. It was made with chocolate and vanilla layers.
Combined: The delicious cake was made with chocolate and vanilla layers.
3. The movie kept the audience engaged till the end. It was entertaining.
Combined: The entertaining movie kept the audience engaged till the end.
4. The mountain stood tall against the horizon. It was majestic.
Combined: The majestic mountain stood tall against the horizon.
5. The flowers bloomed in vibrant hues. They were beautiful.
Combined: The beautiful flowers bloomed in vibrant hues.
6. The car crossed the other vehicles on the highway. It was fast.
Combined: The fast car crossed the other vehicles on the highway.
7. The book kept the reader hooked with its suspenseful plot. It was interesting.
Combined: The interesting book kept the reader hooked with its suspenseful plot.
8. The beach offered a peaceful retreat from the bustling city. It was serene.
Combined: The serene beach offered a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.
9. The house was spacious. It had large rooms and high ceilings.
Combined: The spacious house had large rooms and high ceilings.
Combined: The friendly dog wagged its tail.
2. The cake was delicious. It was made with chocolate and vanilla layers.
Combined: The delicious cake was made with chocolate and vanilla layers.
3. The movie kept the audience engaged till the end. It was entertaining.
Combined: The entertaining movie kept the audience engaged till the end.
4. The mountain stood tall against the horizon. It was majestic.
Combined: The majestic mountain stood tall against the horizon.
5. The flowers bloomed in vibrant hues. They were beautiful.
Combined: The beautiful flowers bloomed in vibrant hues.
6. The car crossed the other vehicles on the highway. It was fast.
Combined: The fast car crossed the other vehicles on the highway.
7. The book kept the reader hooked with its suspenseful plot. It was interesting.
Combined: The interesting book kept the reader hooked with its suspenseful plot.
8. The beach offered a peaceful retreat from the bustling city. It was serene.
Combined: The serene beach offered a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.
9. The house was spacious. It had large rooms and high ceilings.
Combined: The spacious house had large rooms and high ceilings.
Conjunction “and” का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना
For example
1.
She bought a new
dress. She also purchased matching shoes.
Combined: She bought a new dress and matching shoes.
2. The children played in the park. Their mothers also played with them.
Combined: The children with their mothers played in the park.
3. He read a book. He read the dictionary too.
Combined: He read a book and dictionary.
4. She cooked dinner. She made dessert too.
Combined: She cooked dinner and dessert.
5. They visited the museum. They visited the zoo too.
Combined: They visited the museum and the zoo.
6. He studied Maths. He also studied Physics.
Combined: He studied Maths and Physics.
7. She bought fruits. She bought vegetables and other essentials too.
Combined: She bought fruits, vegetables, and other essentials.
8. He practiced the Piano. He practiced the Guitar.
Combined: He practiced the Piano and the Guitar.
Combined: She bought a new dress and matching shoes.
2. The children played in the park. Their mothers also played with them.
Combined: The children with their mothers played in the park.
3. He read a book. He read the dictionary too.
Combined: He read a book and dictionary.
4. She cooked dinner. She made dessert too.
Combined: She cooked dinner and dessert.
5. They visited the museum. They visited the zoo too.
Combined: They visited the museum and the zoo.
6. He studied Maths. He also studied Physics.
Combined: He studied Maths and Physics.
7. She bought fruits. She bought vegetables and other essentials too.
Combined: She bought fruits, vegetables, and other essentials.
8. He practiced the Piano. He practiced the Guitar.
Combined: He practiced the Piano and the Guitar.
Formation of Complex Sentences
Differences
between sentence, phrase and clause:
- Group of words without a subject and a verb is called a Phrase.
- Group of words with a subject and Predicate is called a Clause,but clause does not make complete sense like a Sentence.
- Group of words with a subject and Predicate, and make complete sense is called a Sentence.
दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को मिलकर एक Complex Sentence बनाने के के लिए हमें Clauses (उपवाक्य) को समझना पड़ेगा।
Clauses तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-
- Principal Clause-This is the house where I lived. (Complex Sentence)
- Co-ordinate Clauses- I teach English and he teaches maths. (Compound Sentence)
- Subordinate Clause- This is the house where I lived. (Complex Sentence)
Note: 1. Complex Sentence मे जो Clause अपना अर्थ स्वयं स्पष्ट करता है, अर्थात अपने अर्थ के लिए किसी पर depend नहीं करता है उसे Dependent Clause,Main Clause या Principal Clause कहते हैं।
2. Complex Sentence मे जो Clause अपना अर्थ स्वयं स्पष्ट नहीं करता है, अर्थात अपने अर्थ के लिए किसी पर depend करता है उसे Independent Clause, या Subordinate Clause कहते हैं।
3. Principal Clause तथा Subordinate Clause से बनाने वाले Sentence को Complex Sentence कहते हैं।
Subordinate
Clause तीन
प्रकार के होते हैं-
1. Noun Subordinate Clause
2. Adjective Subordinate Clause
3. Adverb Subordinate Clause
अत: Simple Sentences से Complex Sentence तीन प्रकार से बनाए जाते हैं-
Noun Subordinate Clause का प्रयोग करके Complex Sentence बनाना
Noun Subordinate Clause वाक्य में Subject या Object का कार्य करता है। Noun Subordinate Clause को बनाने के लिए who, which, where, why, what, when, that आदि का प्रयोग करते हैं। इनका अर्थ हिन्दी मे ‘कि कौन’, ‘कि क्या’, ‘कि कहाँ’, ‘कि क्यों, ‘कि कब, तथा कभी कभी ‘जो कुछ भी’ निकलता है।
For example
1.
She loves to sing. Everyone can hear it.
Combined: Everyone can hear that she loves to sing.
2. He is afraid of spiders. It is a common fear.
Combined: It is a common fear that he is afraid of spiders.
3. They won the championship. The whole town celebrates it.
Combined: The whole town celebrates that they won the championship.
4. She is a talented artist. Many people acknowledge it.
Combined: Many people acknowledged that she is a talented artist.
5. He wants to become a doctor. His parents support it.
Combined: His parents support his desire to become a doctor.
6. She believes in his potential. Everyone can see it.
Combined: Everyone can see that she believes in his potential.
7. I know her secret. She doesn't want anyone to discover it.
Combined: She doesn't want anyone to discover that I know her secret.
8. I don't know. Who is she?
Combined: I don't know who she is.
9. She may be innocent. I don't know.
Combined: I don't know whether/if she is innocent.
Combined: Everyone can hear that she loves to sing.
2. He is afraid of spiders. It is a common fear.
Combined: It is a common fear that he is afraid of spiders.
3. They won the championship. The whole town celebrates it.
Combined: The whole town celebrates that they won the championship.
4. She is a talented artist. Many people acknowledge it.
Combined: Many people acknowledged that she is a talented artist.
5. He wants to become a doctor. His parents support it.
Combined: His parents support his desire to become a doctor.
6. She believes in his potential. Everyone can see it.
Combined: Everyone can see that she believes in his potential.
7. I know her secret. She doesn't want anyone to discover it.
Combined: She doesn't want anyone to discover that I know her secret.
8. I don't know. Who is she?
Combined: I don't know who she is.
9. She may be innocent. I don't know.
Combined: I don't know whether/if she is innocent.
Adjective Subordinate Clause का प्रयोग करके Complex Sentence बनाना
जब एक वाक्य मे आए हुये Noun या Pronoun के लिए दूसरे वाक्य में कोई बात कही
गयी हो तो उसे Adjective
Clause बनाकर
Sentence को Combine करते हैं।
Adjective Clause किसी Relative Pronoun (who, whose, whom, which अथवा that) से शुरू होता है।
For example
1.
She bought a house. It was located near the
beach.
Combined: She bought a house which was located near the beach.
2. He chose the restaurant. They serve delicious food.
Combined: He chose the restaurant where they serve delicious food.
3. This is the book. I borrowed it from the library.
Combined: This is the book which I borrowed from the library.
4. We visited the park. We used to play as children.
Combined: We visited the park where we used to play as children.
5. This is the house. It had a beautiful garden.
Combined: This is the house which had a beautiful garden.
6. She wore a dress. It was made of silk.
Combined: She wore a dress which was made of silk.
7. He bought a laptop last week. It stopped working suddenly.
Combined: The laptop stopped working suddenly, which he bought last week.
8. He saw a bird. It was perched on a tree branch.
Combined: He saw a bird that was perched on a tree branch.
9. She read a book. It was written by her favorite author.
Combined: She read a book that was written by her favorite author.
10. They visited a restaurant. It had a stunning view of the city.
Combined: They visited a restaurant that had a stunning view of the city.
11. He bought a car. It had a powerful engine.
Combined: He bought a car that had a powerful engine.
12. They found a house. It was located in a peaceful neighborhood.
Combined: They found a house that was located in a peaceful neighborhood.
13. She attended a concert. It was performed by a famous band.
Combined: She attended a concert that was performed by a famous band.
14. He wore a shirt. It was made of soft cotton.
Combined: He wore a shirt which was made of soft cotton.
15. The park had a playground. It was designed for children of all ages.
Combined: The park had a playground that was designed for children of all ages.
16. They visited a museum. It showcased ancient artifacts.
Combined: They visited a museum that showcased ancient artifacts.
17. She received a gift. It was wrapped in beautiful paper.
Combined: She received a gift that was wrapped in beautiful paper.
Combined: She bought a house which was located near the beach.
2. He chose the restaurant. They serve delicious food.
Combined: He chose the restaurant where they serve delicious food.
3. This is the book. I borrowed it from the library.
Combined: This is the book which I borrowed from the library.
4. We visited the park. We used to play as children.
Combined: We visited the park where we used to play as children.
5. This is the house. It had a beautiful garden.
Combined: This is the house which had a beautiful garden.
6. She wore a dress. It was made of silk.
Combined: She wore a dress which was made of silk.
7. He bought a laptop last week. It stopped working suddenly.
Combined: The laptop stopped working suddenly, which he bought last week.
8. He saw a bird. It was perched on a tree branch.
Combined: He saw a bird that was perched on a tree branch.
9. She read a book. It was written by her favorite author.
Combined: She read a book that was written by her favorite author.
10. They visited a restaurant. It had a stunning view of the city.
Combined: They visited a restaurant that had a stunning view of the city.
11. He bought a car. It had a powerful engine.
Combined: He bought a car that had a powerful engine.
12. They found a house. It was located in a peaceful neighborhood.
Combined: They found a house that was located in a peaceful neighborhood.
13. She attended a concert. It was performed by a famous band.
Combined: She attended a concert that was performed by a famous band.
14. He wore a shirt. It was made of soft cotton.
Combined: He wore a shirt which was made of soft cotton.
15. The park had a playground. It was designed for children of all ages.
Combined: The park had a playground that was designed for children of all ages.
16. They visited a museum. It showcased ancient artifacts.
Combined: They visited a museum that showcased ancient artifacts.
17. She received a gift. It was wrapped in beautiful paper.
Combined: She received a gift that was wrapped in beautiful paper.
Adverb Subordinate Clause का प्रयोग करके Complex Sentence बनाना
जब एक Subordinate Clause, वाक्य में Adverb की तरह कार्य करता है तो इसे Adverb Subordinate Clause कहते हैं। Adverb की तरह Adverb Subordinate clause भी verb, adjective or another adverb को modify करता है।
Adverb Subordinate Clause का प्रयोग time, place, reason, condition, comparison, contrast, purpose तथा manner प्रकट करने के लिए होता है। आइये इन्हे विस्तार से समझते हैं-
Time प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, when, whenever, while, till, until, before, after, as long as, as soon as, since या for आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1. She stayed at the party. She stayed till it ended.
Combined: She stayed at the party till it ended.
2. He worked diligently. His colleagues took breaks.
Combined: He worked diligently while his colleagues took breaks.
3. They practiced singing. Their voices became hoarse.
Combined: They practiced singing until their voices grew hoarse.
4. She had studied late into the night. The exam arrived.
Combined: She had studied late into the night before the exam arrived.
5. They went home. The sun had set.
Combined: They went home after the sun had set.
6. They practiced the dance routine. They perfected it.
Combined: They practiced the dance routine until they perfected it.
2. He worked diligently. His colleagues took breaks.
Combined: He worked diligently while his colleagues took breaks.
3. They practiced singing. Their voices became hoarse.
Combined: They practiced singing until their voices grew hoarse.
4. She had studied late into the night. The exam arrived.
Combined: She had studied late into the night before the exam arrived.
5. They went home. The sun had set.
Combined: They went home after the sun had set.
6. They practiced the dance routine. They perfected it.
Combined: They practiced the dance routine until they perfected it.
Place प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, where, तथा wherever आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
She explored different cities. She felt at home
in each one.
Combined: She felt at home wherever she explored.
2. He traveled to various countries. He was greeted warmly by all of them.
Combined: He was greeted warmly wherever he traveled.
3. They visited numerous restaurants. They enjoyed the food at each one.
Combined: They enjoyed the food where they visited.
4. She attended different conferences. She made valuable connections at all of them.
Combined: She made valuable connections wherever she attended conferences.
5. He ventured into many neighborhoods. He felt safe in all of them.
Combined: He felt safe wherever he ventured.
6. They explored various parks. They found beauty in each one.
Combined: They found beauty where they explored parks.
7. She visited multiple museums. She appreciated the art in all of them.
Combined: She appreciated the art wherever she visited museums.
8. He went to different universities. He received a warm welcome at each one.
Combined: He received a warm welcome wherever he went to universities.
9. They hiked in various mountains. They admired the scenery in all of them.
Combined: They admired the scenery where they hiked mountains.
10. She traveled to many islands. She experienced different cultures in each one.
Combined: She experienced different cultures wherever she traveled to islands.
Combined: She felt at home wherever she explored.
2. He traveled to various countries. He was greeted warmly by all of them.
Combined: He was greeted warmly wherever he traveled.
3. They visited numerous restaurants. They enjoyed the food at each one.
Combined: They enjoyed the food where they visited.
4. She attended different conferences. She made valuable connections at all of them.
Combined: She made valuable connections wherever she attended conferences.
5. He ventured into many neighborhoods. He felt safe in all of them.
Combined: He felt safe wherever he ventured.
6. They explored various parks. They found beauty in each one.
Combined: They found beauty where they explored parks.
7. She visited multiple museums. She appreciated the art in all of them.
Combined: She appreciated the art wherever she visited museums.
8. He went to different universities. He received a warm welcome at each one.
Combined: He received a warm welcome wherever he went to universities.
9. They hiked in various mountains. They admired the scenery in all of them.
Combined: They admired the scenery where they hiked mountains.
10. She traveled to many islands. She experienced different cultures in each one.
Combined: She experienced different cultures wherever she traveled to islands.
Reason प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, because, since, तथा as आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
She was feeling tired. She decided to take a
nap.
Combined: She decided to take a nap as she was feeling tired.
2. He needed to catch the early train. He set his alarm clock.
Combined: He set his alarm clock because he needed to catch the early train.
3. They wanted to avoid traffic. They left early for the meeting.
Combined: They left early for the meeting because they wanted to avoid traffic.
4. She had to finish the project. She stayed up all night.
Combined: She stayed up all night since she had to finish the project.
5. He was hungry. He went to the kitchen to prepare a meal.
Combined: He went to the kitchen to prepare a meal as he was hungry.
6. They needed more space. They decided to move to a larger apartment.
Combined: They decided to move to a larger apartment because they needed more space.
7. She wanted to improve her skills. She enrolled in a training program.
Combined: She enrolled in a training program because she wanted to improve her skills.
8. He desired a higher salary. He applied for a promotion.
Combined: He applied for a promotion because he desired a higher salary.
9. They were thirsty. They stopped at a cafe to get some water.
Combined: As they were thirsty, they stopped at a cafe to get some water.
10. She was curious. She decided to conduct some research.
Combined: She decided to conduct some research because she was curious.
Combined: She decided to take a nap as she was feeling tired.
2. He needed to catch the early train. He set his alarm clock.
Combined: He set his alarm clock because he needed to catch the early train.
3. They wanted to avoid traffic. They left early for the meeting.
Combined: They left early for the meeting because they wanted to avoid traffic.
4. She had to finish the project. She stayed up all night.
Combined: She stayed up all night since she had to finish the project.
5. He was hungry. He went to the kitchen to prepare a meal.
Combined: He went to the kitchen to prepare a meal as he was hungry.
6. They needed more space. They decided to move to a larger apartment.
Combined: They decided to move to a larger apartment because they needed more space.
7. She wanted to improve her skills. She enrolled in a training program.
Combined: She enrolled in a training program because she wanted to improve her skills.
8. He desired a higher salary. He applied for a promotion.
Combined: He applied for a promotion because he desired a higher salary.
9. They were thirsty. They stopped at a cafe to get some water.
Combined: As they were thirsty, they stopped at a cafe to get some water.
10. She was curious. She decided to conduct some research.
Combined: She decided to conduct some research because she was curious.
Condition प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, if, unless, तथा in case आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
Study hard. You
will succeed in the exam.
Combined: If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. Be careful. You might slip on the wet floor.
Combined: If you are careful, you might not slip on the wet floor.
3. Save money. You can buy that expensive gadget.
Combined: Unless you save money, you can not buy that expensive gadget.
4. Be quiet. You will disturb the others.
Combined: If you are not quiet, you will disturb the others.
5. Follow the instructions. You will achieve the desired result.
Combined: If you follow the instructions, you will achieve the desired result.
6. Eat a balanced diet. You will stay healthy.
Combined: If you eat a balanced diet, you will stay healthy.
7. Study regularly. You won't struggle during the exams.
Combined: If you study regularly, you won't struggle during the exams.
8. Call me. You need any assistance.
Combined: unless you call me, I can not provide you with any assistance you need.
9. Be punctual. You won't miss the train.
Combined: If you are punctual, you won't miss the train.
Combined: If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. Be careful. You might slip on the wet floor.
Combined: If you are careful, you might not slip on the wet floor.
3. Save money. You can buy that expensive gadget.
Combined: Unless you save money, you can not buy that expensive gadget.
4. Be quiet. You will disturb the others.
Combined: If you are not quiet, you will disturb the others.
5. Follow the instructions. You will achieve the desired result.
Combined: If you follow the instructions, you will achieve the desired result.
6. Eat a balanced diet. You will stay healthy.
Combined: If you eat a balanced diet, you will stay healthy.
7. Study regularly. You won't struggle during the exams.
Combined: If you study regularly, you won't struggle during the exams.
8. Call me. You need any assistance.
Combined: unless you call me, I can not provide you with any assistance you need.
9. Be punctual. You won't miss the train.
Combined: If you are punctual, you won't miss the train.
Comparison प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, than, as….as, तथा so as आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
He works hard.
She works even harder.
Combined: She works harder than he does.
2. This painting is exquisite. That painting is equally exquisite.
Combined: That painting is as exquisite as this painting is.
3. He sings well. She sings even better.
Combined: She sings better than he sings.
4. This book is interesting. That book is even more interesting.
Combined: That book is more interesting than this book is.
5. He is tall. She is taller.
Combined: She is taller than he is.
6. This cake is delicious. That cake is even more delicious.
Combined: That cake is more delicious than this cake is.
7. He is intelligent. She is equally intelligent.
Combined: She is as intelligent as he is.
8. This car is fast. That car is even faster.
Combined: That car is faster than this car is.
9. He plays the guitar skillfully. She plays it even more skillfully.
Combined: She plays the guitar more skillfully than he does.
10. This movie is funny. That movie is even funnier.
Combined: That movie is funnier than this movie is.
Combined: She works harder than he does.
2. This painting is exquisite. That painting is equally exquisite.
Combined: That painting is as exquisite as this painting is.
3. He sings well. She sings even better.
Combined: She sings better than he sings.
4. This book is interesting. That book is even more interesting.
Combined: That book is more interesting than this book is.
5. He is tall. She is taller.
Combined: She is taller than he is.
6. This cake is delicious. That cake is even more delicious.
Combined: That cake is more delicious than this cake is.
7. He is intelligent. She is equally intelligent.
Combined: She is as intelligent as he is.
8. This car is fast. That car is even faster.
Combined: That car is faster than this car is.
9. He plays the guitar skillfully. She plays it even more skillfully.
Combined: She plays the guitar more skillfully than he does.
10. This movie is funny. That movie is even funnier.
Combined: That movie is funnier than this movie is.
Contrast प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, though, although, तथा even if आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
She is
intelligent. She is humble.
Combined: Although she is intelligent, she is humble.
2. He is talented. He is shy.
Combined: Even if he is talented, he is shy.
3. They are successful. They are not satisfied.
Combined: Though they are successful, they are not satisfied.
4. She is ambitious. She is patient.
Combined: Although she is ambitious, she is patient.
5. He is knowledgeable. He is open-minded.
Combined: Although he is knowledgeable, he is open-minded.
6. They are wealthy. They are unhappy.
Combined: Though they are wealthy, they are unhappy.
7. She is outgoing. She is introverted.
Combined: Although she is outgoing, she is introverted.
8. He is confident. He is cautious.
Combined: Although he is confident, he is cautious.
9. They are popular. They are lonely.
Combined: Although they are popular, they are lonely.
10. She is talented. She is underestimated.
Combined: Although she is talented, she is underestimated.
Combined: Although she is intelligent, she is humble.
2. He is talented. He is shy.
Combined: Even if he is talented, he is shy.
3. They are successful. They are not satisfied.
Combined: Though they are successful, they are not satisfied.
4. She is ambitious. She is patient.
Combined: Although she is ambitious, she is patient.
5. He is knowledgeable. He is open-minded.
Combined: Although he is knowledgeable, he is open-minded.
6. They are wealthy. They are unhappy.
Combined: Though they are wealthy, they are unhappy.
7. She is outgoing. She is introverted.
Combined: Although she is outgoing, she is introverted.
8. He is confident. He is cautious.
Combined: Although he is confident, he is cautious.
9. They are popular. They are lonely.
Combined: Although they are popular, they are lonely.
10. She is talented. She is underestimated.
Combined: Although she is talented, she is underestimated.
Result प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, so का प्रयोग पहले Clause मे, तथा that का प्रयोग दूसरे Clause मे करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
She studied hard.
She passed the exam.
Combined: She studied so hard that she passed the exam.
2. She practiced diligently. She mastered the piano.
Combined: She practiced so diligently that she mastered the piano.
3. They exercised much. They improved their fitness.
Combined: They exercised so much that they improved their fitness.
4. She invested wisely. She gained significant returns.
Combined: She invested so wisely that she gained significant returns.
5. He followed the recipe carefully. He baked a delicious cake.
Combined: He followed the recipe so carefully that he baked a delicious cake.
6. It was raining heavily. They had to cancel the picnic.
Combined: It was raining so heavily that they had to cancel the picnic.
7. She studied diligently. She passed the exam.
Combined: She studied so diligently that she passed the exam.
8. He invested wisely. He earned a significant profit.
Combined: He invested so wisely that he earned a significant profit.
9. She trained hard. She won the race.
Combined: She trained so hard that she won the race.
Combined: She studied so hard that she passed the exam.
2. She practiced diligently. She mastered the piano.
Combined: She practiced so diligently that she mastered the piano.
3. They exercised much. They improved their fitness.
Combined: They exercised so much that they improved their fitness.
4. She invested wisely. She gained significant returns.
Combined: She invested so wisely that she gained significant returns.
5. He followed the recipe carefully. He baked a delicious cake.
Combined: He followed the recipe so carefully that he baked a delicious cake.
6. It was raining heavily. They had to cancel the picnic.
Combined: It was raining so heavily that they had to cancel the picnic.
7. She studied diligently. She passed the exam.
Combined: She studied so diligently that she passed the exam.
8. He invested wisely. He earned a significant profit.
Combined: He invested so wisely that he earned a significant profit.
9. She trained hard. She won the race.
Combined: She trained so hard that she won the race.
Purpose प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, so that, in order that, तथा lest आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
Note: so that तथा in order that के बाद may, या might | lest के बाद should का प्रयोग करते हैं।
For example
1.
She bought a new
laptop. She wanted to improve her productivity.
Combined: She bought a new laptop so that she might improve her productivity.
2. They hired a personal trainer. They wanted to get in shape.
Combined: They hired a personal trainer so that they might get in shape.
3. He studied diligently. He wanted to pass the exam.
Combined: He studied diligently so that he may pass the exam.
4. She enrolled in a language course. She wanted to learn French.
Combined: She enrolled in a language course in order that she may learn French.
5. They saved money. They wanted to go on a vacation.
Combined: They saved money so that they might go on a vacation.
6. He bought a new camera. He wanted to pursue photography as a hobby.
Combined: He bought a new camera in order that he may pursue photography as a hobby.
7. She attended a workshop. She wanted to enhance her skills.
Combined: She attended a workshop so that she might enhance her skills.
8. They donated to a charity. They wanted to help those in need.
Combined: They donated to a charity so that they might help those in need.
9. He practiced daily. He wanted to become a skilled musician.
Combined: He practiced daily so that he may become a skilled musician.
10. She joined a gym. She did not want to lose her fitness.
Combined: She joined a gym so that she would not lose her fitness.
Combined: She bought a new laptop so that she might improve her productivity.
2. They hired a personal trainer. They wanted to get in shape.
Combined: They hired a personal trainer so that they might get in shape.
3. He studied diligently. He wanted to pass the exam.
Combined: He studied diligently so that he may pass the exam.
4. She enrolled in a language course. She wanted to learn French.
Combined: She enrolled in a language course in order that she may learn French.
5. They saved money. They wanted to go on a vacation.
Combined: They saved money so that they might go on a vacation.
6. He bought a new camera. He wanted to pursue photography as a hobby.
Combined: He bought a new camera in order that he may pursue photography as a hobby.
7. She attended a workshop. She wanted to enhance her skills.
Combined: She attended a workshop so that she might enhance her skills.
8. They donated to a charity. They wanted to help those in need.
Combined: They donated to a charity so that they might help those in need.
9. He practiced daily. He wanted to become a skilled musician.
Combined: He practiced daily so that he may become a skilled musician.
10. She joined a gym. She did not want to lose her fitness.
Combined: She joined a gym so that she would not lose her fitness.
Manner प्रदर्शित करने के लिए: Conjunction, as, तथा so far as आदि का प्रयोग करते हुए Adverb Subordinate Clause बनाकर Synthesis करते हैं।
For example
1.
She spoke softly.
She didn't want to wake up the baby.
Combined: She spoke so far softly as she did not wake up the baby.
2. He walked cautiously. He didn't want to slip on the icy path.
Combined: He walked so far cautiously as he didn't want to slip on the icy path.
3. They danced gracefully. They wanted to impress the audience.
Combined: They danced gracefully as they wanted to impress the audience.
4. She cooked skillfully. She wanted to create a delicious meal.
Combined: She cooked skillfully as she wanted to create a delicious meal.
5. He handled the situation calmly. He didn't want to escalate the conflict.
Combined: He handled the situation as far calmly as he didn't want to escalate the conflict.
6. They sang harmoniously. They aimed to captivate the audience.
Combined: They sang harmoniously as they aimed to captivate the audience.
7. She typed quickly. She needed to finish the report on time.
Combined: She typed quickly as she needed to finish the report on time.
8. He played the guitar beautifully. He wanted to create a soothing atmosphere.
Combined: He played the guitar as far beautifully as he wanted to create a soothing atmosphere.
9. They spoke fluently. They wanted to communicate effectively with the locals.
Combined: They spoke fluently as they wanted to communicate effectively with the locals.
10. She painted with precision. She aimed to capture the intricate details.
Combined: She painted with precision as she aimed to capture the intricate details.
Combined: She spoke so far softly as she did not wake up the baby.
2. He walked cautiously. He didn't want to slip on the icy path.
Combined: He walked so far cautiously as he didn't want to slip on the icy path.
3. They danced gracefully. They wanted to impress the audience.
Combined: They danced gracefully as they wanted to impress the audience.
4. She cooked skillfully. She wanted to create a delicious meal.
Combined: She cooked skillfully as she wanted to create a delicious meal.
5. He handled the situation calmly. He didn't want to escalate the conflict.
Combined: He handled the situation as far calmly as he didn't want to escalate the conflict.
6. They sang harmoniously. They aimed to captivate the audience.
Combined: They sang harmoniously as they aimed to captivate the audience.
7. She typed quickly. She needed to finish the report on time.
Combined: She typed quickly as she needed to finish the report on time.
8. He played the guitar beautifully. He wanted to create a soothing atmosphere.
Combined: He played the guitar as far beautifully as he wanted to create a soothing atmosphere.
9. They spoke fluently. They wanted to communicate effectively with the locals.
Combined: They spoke fluently as they wanted to communicate effectively with the locals.
10. She painted with precision. She aimed to capture the intricate details.
Combined: She painted with precision as she aimed to capture the intricate details.
Formation of Compound Sentences
Compound Sentences के सभी Clauses Independent (स्वतंत्र) होते हैं इसीलिए इन Clauses को Co-ordinate Clauses कहते हैं। Sentence में इन्हे निम्न चार Conjunctions द्वारा जोड़ा जाता है जिन्हें Coordinating Conjunctions भी कहा जाता है-
1. Cumulative Conjunctions (जोड़ बताने वाले)
2. Alternative Conjunctions ((विकल्प बताने वाले)
3. Adversative Conjunctions (विरोध बताने वाले)
4. Illative Conjunctions (परिणाम बताने वाले)
Cumulative Conjunctions का प्रयोग करके Compound Sentences बनाना
इसमें दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को Cumulative Conjunctions- and, as well as, both.........and, not only...........but also आदि से जोड़कर एक Compound Sentence बनाया जाता है।
For example
1.
She likes to
read. She enjoys playing tennis. She also loves to travel.
Combined: She likes to read, enjoys playing tennis, and loves to travel.
2. He bought a new car. He renovated his house. He went on a vacation.
Combined: He bought a new car, renovated his house, and went on a vacation.
3. They studied hard. They participated in extracurricular activities. Their friends volunteered at a local shelter.
Combined: They studied hard and participated in extracurricular activities, and their friends volunteered at a local shelter.
4. She woke up early. She went for a run. Her mother prepared a healthy breakfast.
Combined: She woke up early, went for a run, and her mother prepared a healthy breakfast.
5. He attended the conference. He networked with professionals. He gained valuable insights.
Combined: He attended the conference, networked with professionals, and gained valuable insights.
6. They practiced their instruments. They perfected their performance.
Combined: They practiced their instruments, and perfected their performance.
7. She wrote an article. She submitted it for publication. She received positive feedback.
Combined: She not only wrote an article, but also submitted it for publication, and received positive feedback.
8. He worked on his project. He collaborated with his team. He delivered an impressive presentation.
Combined: He not only worked on his project, but also collaborated with his team, and delivered an impressive presentation.
9. They explored the city. They tried local cuisine.
Combined: They explored not only the city but also tried local cuisine.
10. She completed her assignments. She attended seminars. She joined a study group.
Combined: She completed her assignments, attended seminars, and joined a study group.
Combined: She likes to read, enjoys playing tennis, and loves to travel.
2. He bought a new car. He renovated his house. He went on a vacation.
Combined: He bought a new car, renovated his house, and went on a vacation.
3. They studied hard. They participated in extracurricular activities. Their friends volunteered at a local shelter.
Combined: They studied hard and participated in extracurricular activities, and their friends volunteered at a local shelter.
4. She woke up early. She went for a run. Her mother prepared a healthy breakfast.
Combined: She woke up early, went for a run, and her mother prepared a healthy breakfast.
5. He attended the conference. He networked with professionals. He gained valuable insights.
Combined: He attended the conference, networked with professionals, and gained valuable insights.
6. They practiced their instruments. They perfected their performance.
Combined: They practiced their instruments, and perfected their performance.
7. She wrote an article. She submitted it for publication. She received positive feedback.
Combined: She not only wrote an article, but also submitted it for publication, and received positive feedback.
8. He worked on his project. He collaborated with his team. He delivered an impressive presentation.
Combined: He not only worked on his project, but also collaborated with his team, and delivered an impressive presentation.
9. They explored the city. They tried local cuisine.
Combined: They explored not only the city but also tried local cuisine.
10. She completed her assignments. She attended seminars. She joined a study group.
Combined: She completed her assignments, attended seminars, and joined a study group.
Alternative Conjunctions का प्रयोग करके Compound Sentences बनाना
इसमें दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को Alternative Conjunctions- either…... or, neither……. nor, or, otherwise आदि से जोड़कर एक Compound Sentence बनाया जाता है।
For example
1.
He can choose to
study law. He can pursue a career in medicine.
Combined: He can choose to study law or pursue a career in medicine.
2. She can go for a walk. She can watch a movie at home.
Combined: She can go for a walk or watch a movie at home.
3. They can take the bus. They can ride their bicycles to work.
Combined: Either they can take the bus or ride their bicycles to work.
4. He can have pizza for dinner. He can cook pasta.
Combined: He can have pizza for dinner or cook pasta.
5. She can join the choir. She can learn to play a musical instrument.
Combined: She can join the choir otherwise she can learn to play a musical instrument.
6. They can go hiking. They can spend the day at the beach.
Combined: They can go hiking or spend the day at the beach.
7. He can not read a book. He can not watch a movie.
Combined: Neither he can read a book nor watch a movie.
8. She can attend the conference. She can participate in a workshop.
Combined: She can attend the conference or participate in a workshop.
9. They can visit their grandparents. They can have a picnic in the park.
Combined: Either they can visit their grandparents or have a picnic in the park.
10. He can take a vacation. He can save money for future expenses.
Combined: He can take a vacation or save money for future expenses.
Combined: He can choose to study law or pursue a career in medicine.
2. She can go for a walk. She can watch a movie at home.
Combined: She can go for a walk or watch a movie at home.
3. They can take the bus. They can ride their bicycles to work.
Combined: Either they can take the bus or ride their bicycles to work.
4. He can have pizza for dinner. He can cook pasta.
Combined: He can have pizza for dinner or cook pasta.
5. She can join the choir. She can learn to play a musical instrument.
Combined: She can join the choir otherwise she can learn to play a musical instrument.
6. They can go hiking. They can spend the day at the beach.
Combined: They can go hiking or spend the day at the beach.
7. He can not read a book. He can not watch a movie.
Combined: Neither he can read a book nor watch a movie.
8. She can attend the conference. She can participate in a workshop.
Combined: She can attend the conference or participate in a workshop.
9. They can visit their grandparents. They can have a picnic in the park.
Combined: Either they can visit their grandparents or have a picnic in the park.
10. He can take a vacation. He can save money for future expenses.
Combined: He can take a vacation or save money for future expenses.
Adversative Conjunctions का प्रयोग करके Compound Sentences बनाना
इसमें दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को Adversative Conjunctions- but, however, still, yet, nevertheless, whereas, and while आदि से जोड़कर एक Compound Sentence बनाया जाता है।
For example
1.
She studied hard
for the test. She didn't perform well.
Combined: She studied hard for the test, but she didn't perform well.
2. He loves playing soccer. He doesn't enjoy watching it.
Combined: He loves playing soccer, but he doesn't enjoy watching it.
3. They worked diligently on the project. They couldn't meet the deadline.
Combined: They worked diligently on the project, yet they couldn't meet the deadline.
4. She wants to go to the party. She has a lot of work to do.
Combined: She wants to go to the party, while she has a lot of work to do.
5. He likes swimming in the ocean. He is afraid of deep water.
Combined: He likes swimming in the ocean, but he is afraid of deep water.
6. They saved money for a vacation. They had unexpected expenses.
Combined: They saved money for a vacation, but they had unexpected expenses.
7. She enjoys baking desserts. She tries to eat healthy.
Combined: She enjoys baking desserts, yet she tries to eat healthy.
8. He wants to buy a new car. He needs to save more money.
Combined: He wants to buy a new car, but he needs to save more money.
9. They love going to concerts. They find them too expensive.
Combined: They love going to concerts, while they find them too expensive.
10. She enjoys outdoor activities. She has allergies to pollen.
Combined: She enjoys outdoor activities but she has allergies to pollen.
Combined: She studied hard for the test, but she didn't perform well.
2. He loves playing soccer. He doesn't enjoy watching it.
Combined: He loves playing soccer, but he doesn't enjoy watching it.
3. They worked diligently on the project. They couldn't meet the deadline.
Combined: They worked diligently on the project, yet they couldn't meet the deadline.
4. She wants to go to the party. She has a lot of work to do.
Combined: She wants to go to the party, while she has a lot of work to do.
5. He likes swimming in the ocean. He is afraid of deep water.
Combined: He likes swimming in the ocean, but he is afraid of deep water.
6. They saved money for a vacation. They had unexpected expenses.
Combined: They saved money for a vacation, but they had unexpected expenses.
7. She enjoys baking desserts. She tries to eat healthy.
Combined: She enjoys baking desserts, yet she tries to eat healthy.
8. He wants to buy a new car. He needs to save more money.
Combined: He wants to buy a new car, but he needs to save more money.
9. They love going to concerts. They find them too expensive.
Combined: They love going to concerts, while they find them too expensive.
10. She enjoys outdoor activities. She has allergies to pollen.
Combined: She enjoys outdoor activities but she has allergies to pollen.
Illative Conjunctions का प्रयोग करके Compound Sentences बनाना
इसमें दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को Illative Conjunctions- therefore, for, so, hence, आदि से जोड़कर एक Compound Sentence बनाया जाता है।
For example
1.
She studied hard
for the exam. She scored very well.
Combined: She studied hard for the exam, so she scored very well.
2. He practiced playing the piano every day. He became a skilled pianist.
Combined: He practiced playing the piano every day; therefore he became a skilled pianist.
3. They saved money consistently. They were able to buy their dream house.
Combined: They saved money consistently; hence they were able to buy their dream house.
4. She followed a strict diet and exercise regimen. She lost a significant amount of weight.
Combined: She followed a strict diet and exercise regimen, hence she lost a significant amount of weight.
5. He attended a prestigious university. He landed a high-paying job.
Combined: He attended a prestigious university, so he landed a high-paying job.
6. They invested in stocks and real estate. They grew their wealth exponentially.
Combined: They invested in stocks and real estate; therefore they grew their wealth exponentially.
7. She practiced speaking Spanish daily. She became fluent in the language.
Combined: She practiced speaking Spanish daily; hence she became fluent in the language.
8. He volunteered at a local charity. He made a positive impact on the community.
Combined: He volunteered at a local charity; therefore he made a positive impact on the community.
9. They worked hard on their startup. They achieved great success.
Combined: They worked hard on their startup, so they achieved great success.
10. She pursued higher education. She opened doors to better career opportunities.
Combined: She pursued higher education, so she opened doors to better career opportunities.
Combined: She studied hard for the exam, so she scored very well.
2. He practiced playing the piano every day. He became a skilled pianist.
Combined: He practiced playing the piano every day; therefore he became a skilled pianist.
3. They saved money consistently. They were able to buy their dream house.
Combined: They saved money consistently; hence they were able to buy their dream house.
4. She followed a strict diet and exercise regimen. She lost a significant amount of weight.
Combined: She followed a strict diet and exercise regimen, hence she lost a significant amount of weight.
5. He attended a prestigious university. He landed a high-paying job.
Combined: He attended a prestigious university, so he landed a high-paying job.
6. They invested in stocks and real estate. They grew their wealth exponentially.
Combined: They invested in stocks and real estate; therefore they grew their wealth exponentially.
7. She practiced speaking Spanish daily. She became fluent in the language.
Combined: She practiced speaking Spanish daily; hence she became fluent in the language.
8. He volunteered at a local charity. He made a positive impact on the community.
Combined: He volunteered at a local charity; therefore he made a positive impact on the community.
9. They worked hard on their startup. They achieved great success.
Combined: They worked hard on their startup, so they achieved great success.
10. She pursued higher education. She opened doors to better career opportunities.
Combined: She pursued higher education, so she opened doors to better career opportunities.
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